Union Budget 2026: Pre-Budget Expectations for Urban Transport and Metro Systems in India
Cities occupy barely 3% of India’s land area but generate nearly 60% of GDP. For a rapidly urbanising country, large-scale and well-planned investment in urban transport is not optional—it is an economic necessity. At the same time, cities face mounting challenges: pollution, congestion, safety concerns, ageing populations, hygiene issues, and rising expectations for convenience and reliability.
By 2030, India is expected to have at least seven megacities with populations above 10 million and over 60 cities with more than 1 million residents. Each of these cities will require affordable, fast, clean, and reliable public transport, even as fiscal space tightens. While urban development is constitutionally a state subject, the Union Government plays a decisive role in enabling metro systems, electric buses, and mass transit investments.
The key question for Union Budget 2026 is not whether the Centre should support urban transport, but how it can accelerate sustainable, citizen-centric mobility. Five priorities stand out.
Mandating Integrated Transport and Land-Use Models for Million-Plus Cities
Congestion in Indian cities is not just a transport problem—it is equally a land-use and demand-management problem. To address this structurally, the budget should mandate dynamic, city-wide integrated transport and land-use models for all cities projected to become million-plus by 2030.
Access to major urban transport funding should be contingent on:
- Establishing and regularly updating integrated transport and land-use models.
- Using these models to appraise major projects such as metros, BRT corridors, elevated roads, and large-scale road widening.
- Periodically reviewing and updating comprehensive mobility plans based on real-world performance, rather than treating them as one-time documents.
Such models enable cities to test project impacts, simulate policy changes, prioritise investments based on measurable outcomes, and make evidence-based decisions.
Creating a Central Nudge Unit for Urban Behaviour and Street Design